Impact of smoking on heart disease outweighs impact of low income and psychological stress alone

This study found that smoking increases the risk of heart disease much more than the effect of low income or psychological distress alone. This is important because reducing smoking in these groups would lower rates of heart disease and improve overall health in high-risk communities. Senior author Krishna Reddy, MD, was funded by a Lung Association Innovation Award to better understand the impacts of e-cigarette policies.