Alabama’s Air Quality Shows Mixed Results for Ozone, Particle Pollution, Finds 2020 ‘State of the Air’ Report

Editor’s Note: The full report, as well as trend charts and rankings for metropolitan areas and county grades are available at Lung.org/sota

The American Lung Association’s 2020 “State of the Air” report found Birmingham has earned mixed rankings for the nation’s most widespread air pollutants—ozone and particle pollution—both of which can be deadly. Although the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega metro ranked tied for 14th most polluted city in the nation for year-round particle pollution, its levels improved to its best ever and meet the national standard.

The Lung Association’s annual air quality “report card” tracks Americans’ exposure to unhealthful levels of particle pollution and ozone during a three-year period. Once again, the report found that nearly half of all Americans were exposed to unhealthy air in 2016-2018.

“This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Clean Air Act, which has been responsible for dramatic improvements in air quality. Alabama residents are seeing these benefits and breathing less unhealthy air compared to last year’s report, said American Lung Association Director of Advocacy, Ashley Lyerly.  

Each year the “State of the Air” provides a report card on the two most widespread outdoor air pollutants, ozone pollution, also known as smog, and particle pollution, also called soot. The report analyzes particle pollution in two ways: through average annual particle pollution levels and short-term spikes in particle pollution. Both ozone and particle pollution are dangerous to public health and can increase the risk of premature death and other serious health effects such as asthma attacks, cardiovascular damage, and developmental and reproductive harm. Particle pollution can also cause lung cancer, and new research links air pollution to the development of serious diseases, such as asthma and dementia.

This year’s report covers 2016, 2017 and 2018, the years with the most recent quality-assured data available collected by states, cities, counties, tribes and federal agencies. Notably, those three years were among the five hottest recorded in global history. Rising temperatures lead to increased levels of ozone pollution. Changing climate patterns also fuel wildfires and their dangerous smoke, which increase particle pollution. Ozone and particle pollution threaten everyone, especially children, older adults and people living with a lung disease. Although this report does not cover data from 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of air pollution on lung health is of heightened concern. Learn more about that at Lung.org/covid-19.

Ozone Pollution in Alabama

Compared to the 2019 report, the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega metro experienced more unhealthy days of high ozone in this year’s report and ranked 51st most polluted city for ozone.

Dothan, Ozark, Gadsden, Scottsboro, and Fort Payne experienced zero unhealthy air days and were named to the cleanest cities list.

The Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope metro matched last year’s best-ever result and ranked tied for 93rd most polluted city for ozone.

The Columbus-Auburn-Opelika metro area ranked tied 153rd and again achieved its best report with the fewest high ozone days ever in 2016-18.

“Ozone pollution can harm even healthy people, but is particularly dangerous for children, older adults and people with lung diseases like COPD or asthma,” said Lyerly. “Breathing ozone-polluted air can trigger asthma attacks in both adults and children with asthma, which can land them in the doctor’s office or the emergency room. Ozone can even shorten people’s lives.”

This report documents that warmer temperatures brought by climate change are making ozone more likely to form and harder to clean up. Significantly more people suffered unhealthy ozone pollution in the 2020 report than in the last three “State of the Air” reports.

Particle Pollution in Alabama

“State of the Air” 2020 found that year-round particle pollution levels in the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega metro were slightly lower than in last year’s report and improved to its best, meeting the national standard. Despite its efforts, the Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega metro area tied for 14th most polluted city for year-round particle pollution and remains among the worst in the nation.

The Columbus-Auburn-Opelika metro ranked tied 46th and recorded its best-ever year-round levels.

The Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope metro ranked tied 105th and continued its best levels ever.

“Particle pollution can lodge deep in the lungs and can even enter the bloodstream. It can trigger asthma attacks, heart attacks and strokes and cause lung cancer,” said Lyerly. Particle pollution comes from coal-fired power plants, diesel emissions, wildfires and wood-burning devices.

“Year-round particle pollution levels had dropped in recent years thanks to the cleanup of coal-fired power plants and the retirement of old, dirty diesel engines. However, the increase we’ve seen nationally in particle pollution in this year’s report is a troubling reminder that we must increase our efforts to reduce this dangerous pollution,” said Lyerly.

“State of the Air” 2020 also tracked short-term spikes in particle pollution, which can be extremely dangerous and even lethal. The report found that most cities had zero days when short-term particle pollution reached unhealthy levels.

Birmingham, Hoover, Talladega, Gadsden, Huntsville, Decatur, Mobile, Daphne, Fairhope, Montgomery, Selma, Alexander City, Florence, Muscle Shoals, and Tuscaloosa recorded zero unhealthy air days and were named to the cleanest cities list for short-term particle pollution.

“We all have the right to breathe clean, healthy air. The 50th anniversary of the Clean Air Act serves as a critical reminder that Americans breathe healthier air today because of this landmark law,” said Lyerly. “At the same time, this year’s report shows that we must stand up for clean air – especially to safeguard our most vulnerable community members. Our leaders, both here in Alabama and at the federal level, must take immediate, significant action to ward off climate change and other threats to the quality of the air we all breathe.”

While the report examined data from 2016-2018, this 21st annual report also provides air pollution trends back to the first report. Learn more about city rankings, as well as air quality across Alabama and the nation, in the 2020 “State of the Air” report at Lung.org/sota. For media interested in speaking with an expert about lung health, healthy air, and threats to air quality, contact Britney Stewart at [email protected] or 470-233-7030.